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Adipotide research

What published studies found for Adipotide: 5 papers, 0 in humans, with sample sizes and key results.

C
Mostly animal studies
Why: Only animal studies: fat loss and better insulin sensitivity in obese mice and monkeys, with kidney changes in monkeys; no human trial results published.

Adipotide (a peptide that targets prohibitin on fat-tissue blood vessels and triggers their destruction) caused fat loss and better insulin sensitivity in obese mice and monkeys, but monkeys showed dose-related kidney (proximal tubule) changes; no human trial results were found in PubMed, and one commentary questions whether the weight loss mainly reflects reduced eating.

✓ 2 positive✗ 1 negative~ 1 mixed? 1 inconclusive

No human safety data in the published literature; reversible kidney tubule changes were seen in monkeys.

US compounding: Not compoundable. Not an FDA-approved drug and not nominated for FDA's 503A bulks list, so US pharmacies can't legally compound it. Status for every peptide.

Browse and filter these papersAdipotide prices and vendors

Reviews

? InconclusivereviewSci Transl Med · 2012

Comment on "a peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys".

No new dataComment / letter

Commentary argues the monkey weight loss with adipotide may reflect a direct reduction in food consumption rather than fat-vessel destruction.

Studied
Commentary on the obese-monkey adipotide study
Authors' conclusion
The commenters suggest the weight loss in monkeys attributed to apoptosis of fat blood vessels may instead reflect a direct effect of adipotide on food consumption.
Limitations
Commentary without original data.
PubMed 22539771DOI

Animal & lab studies

~ MixedanimalSci Transl Med · 2011

A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys.

AnimalsIn vivo treatment study of adipotide

In obese Old World monkeys, adipotide destroyed fat-tissue blood vessels, causing rapid weight and fat loss and improved insulin resistance, but produced predictable, reversible changes in kidney proximal tubule function.

Studied
Obese Old World monkeys (three species)
Main outcome
Body weight, white adipose tissue (MRI/DXA), insulin resistance, renal function
Authors' conclusion
Adipotide induced apoptosis in white adipose tissue vessels with rapid weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys, with predictable and reversible changes in renal proximal tubule function.
Limitations
Monkey study; reversible kidney tubule changes at effective doses; group sizes not in abstract. The figures file for this PMID shows a different (baboon) paper, so none is shown.
PubMed 22072637DOIFree full text
✓ PositiveanimalNat Med · 2004

Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue.

AnimalsPreclinical identification of an adipose-vasculature homing peptide and targeted proapoptotic therapy

Discovery study: a fat-vessel-homing peptide (CKGGRAKDC) fused to a cell-killing peptide ablated white fat and rapidly reversed obesity in mice, with no adverse effects detected.

Studied
Obese mice (in vivo phage display, prohibitin targeting)
Main outcome
White fat ablation, obesity reversal, metabolism
Authors' conclusion
Targeting a proapoptotic peptide to prohibitin in adipose vasculature ablated white fat and reversed obesity without detectable adverse effects; prohibitin is also expressed in human white fat vessels, so this may lead to targeted drugs.
Limitations
Animal study; group sizes not given in the abstract.
PubMed 15133506DOI
✓ PositiveanimalDiabetes · 2012

Rapid and weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance induced by a peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium.

AnimalsVehicle vs proapoptotic peptide vs pair-fed controls, with glucose tolerance tests and microarrayGlucose tolerance tested on days 2 and 3 of treatment

In obese mice on a high-fat diet, the pro-apoptotic fat-vessel peptide improved glucose tolerance within days, independent of weight change or food intake.

Studied
Obese mice on a high-fat diet
Compared with
Vehicle and pair-fed mice
Main outcome
Glucose tolerance, serum metabolic variables, adipose tissue gene expression
Authors' conclusion
The proapoptotic peptide rapidly improved glucose tolerance independent of weight and food intake and reversed high-fat-diet gene expression changes, suggesting a role of adipose vasculature in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
Limitations
Mouse study; group sizes not in the abstract.
PubMed 22733798DOIFree full text
✗ NegativeanimalJ Control Release · 2013

A comparative study between nanoparticle-targeted therapeutics and bioconjugates as obesity medication.

AnimalsComparison of prohibitin-targeted nanoparticle encapsulating KLA peptide vs bioconjugate (Adipotide)

In diet-induced obese mice, a low dose of the same targeting/kill peptide delivered in nanoparticles reduced weight and ectopic fat, whereas the free bioconjugate (adipotide) at that dose did not.

Studied
Diet-induced obese mice
Compared with
Adipotide bioconjugate
Main outcome
Body weight, serum leptin and adiponectin, ectopic fat
Authors' conclusion
A low dose of the KLA nanoparticle, rather than the Adipotide bioconjugate, reduced body weight and ectopic liver and muscle fat with no detectable hepatotoxicity; vascular-targeted nanotherapy may help control adipose function.
Limitations
Mouse study; this paper favors the nanoparticle over Adipotide.
PubMed 23871959DOI

Verdicts are judged on each paper's own main outcome; grades run from A (strong human evidence) to D (little or none). Details are read from the abstracts, and figures are reproduced only from openly licensed full texts. Not medical advice.