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AOD-9604 research

What published studies found for AOD-9604: 5 papers, 0 in humans, with sample sizes and key results.

C
Mostly animal studies
Why: Only animal studies (obese mice and rats, one rabbit osteoarthritis model); no human trial results appear in the papers found.

AOD-9604 (a modified fragment 177-191 of human growth hormone) reduced weight gain and increased fat breakdown in obese rodents and helped cartilage repair in a rabbit model, but no human trial results appear in the PubMed abstracts found; a review notes rigorous human safety data are scarce.

✓ 4 positive? 1 inconclusive

No human safety data appear in the published abstracts reviewed; the compound is banned in sport by WADA.

US compounding: Not compoundable (no pending nomination). Removed from FDA's Category 2 on about April 22, 2026 after its nominations were withdrawn. That doesn't add it to any allowed list, so US pharmacies still can't compound it from bulk ingredient. Status for every peptide.

Browse and filter these papersAOD-9604 prices and vendors

Reviews

? InconclusivereviewSports Med · 2026

Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.

No new dataNarrative review of approved and unapproved peptides including sermorelin

Narrative review of gray-market peptides including AOD-9604: favorable animal results for many such peptides, but rigorous human safety data are scarce and there is potential for harm.

Authors' conclusion
Many unapproved peptides show favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Limitations
Covers twelve peptides, not sermorelin alone; no original data.
PubMed 41966639DOI

Animal & lab studies

✓ PositiveanimalAnn Clin Lab Sci · 2015

Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.

n = 32 animalsRandomized weekly intra-articular injections: saline, hyaluronic acid, AOD9604, or both4-7 weeks of injections, assessed at 8 weeks

In 32 rabbits with induced knee osteoarthritis, joint injections of AOD-9604 reduced cartilage damage and lameness vs saline, and worked best combined with hyaluronic acid.

Studied
Rabbits with collagenase-induced knee osteoarthritis
Compared with
Saline
Main outcome
Cartilage morphology and histology, lameness
Sample
32 rabbits in four groups
Authors' conclusion
AOD9604 injections enhanced cartilage regeneration; AOD9604 with hyaluronic acid was more effective than either alone in this model.
Limitations
Rabbit study of AOD9604, a modified fragment, not native 176-191.
PubMed 26275694
✓ PositiveanimalInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord · 2001

Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.

Humans and animals14-day mini-pump infusion of hGH, AOD9604 or saline, plus in vitro binding assays14 days

In obese mice, 14 days of AOD-9604 reduced body weight gain and increased fat oxidation and lipolysis like hGH, but without causing high blood sugar; it did not bind the GH receptor or drive cell proliferation.

Studied
Obese (ob/ob) and lean C57BL/6J mice; hGH-receptor-transfected BaF-BO3 cells
Compared with
Saline
Main outcome
Body weight gain, fat oxidation, glycaemia
Authors' conclusion
Both hGH and its C-terminal fragment reduced weight gain, increased fat oxidation and stimulated lipolysis in obese mice, yet AOD9604 does not interact with the hGH receptor.
Limitations
Mouse study of AOD9604, a modified fragment rather than native 176-191.
PubMed 11673763DOI
✓ PositiveanimalHorm Res · 2000

Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.

AnimalsDaily oral AOD9604 500 microg/kg, with euglycemic clamp19 days

In obese Zucker rats, 19 days of oral AOD-9604 cut body weight gain by over 50% vs controls without impairing insulin sensitivity.

Key resultBody weight gain was reduced by over 50% (15.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 35.6 +/- 0.8 g) versus control
Studied
Obese Zucker rats
Compared with
Control (and intact hGH)
Main outcome
Body weight gain, adipose lipolytic activity, insulin sensitivity
Authors' conclusion
The hGH lipolytic-domain analogue may have potential to be developed into an orally usable and safe obesity therapeutic; it showed no adverse effect on insulin sensitivity.
Limitations
Rat study.
PubMed 11146367DOI
✓ PositiveanimalEndocrinology · 2001

The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice.

AnimalsChronic intraperitoneal administration14 days

In obese mice, 14 days of AOD-9604 reduced body weight and fat and restored beta-3 adrenergic receptor expression; the effect on weight was lost in beta-3 receptor knockout mice.

Studied
Obese mice and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor knock-out mice
Compared with
Lean mice; wild-type controls
Main outcome
Body weight, body fat, lipolysis and beta(3)-AR RNA expression
Authors' conclusion
hGH and AOD9604 reduced body weight and fat and raised beta(3)-AR expression in obese mice, but their lipolytic actions are not mediated directly through beta(3)-AR.
Limitations
Mouse study.
PubMed 11713213DOI

Verdicts are judged on each paper's own main outcome; grades run from A (strong human evidence) to D (little or none). Details are read from the abstracts, and figures are reproduced only from openly licensed full texts. Not medical advice.