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Cartalax research

What published studies found for Cartalax: 8 papers, 0 in humans, with sample sizes and key results.

D
Little or no evidence
Why: Only cell-culture studies, nearly all from one St. Petersburg group; no animal or human studies of joint or cartilage outcomes.

Cartalax (the tripeptide Ala-Glu-Asp, also coded T-31) has been studied only in a handful of cell-culture experiments, nearly all from a single St. Petersburg research group. Two further cell studies from the same group show AED peptide effects on aged stem cells and chondrocytes (cartilage-related), but no animal or human studies on cartilage or joint health — its marketed use — were found.

✓ 2 positive✗ 1 negative? 5 inconclusive

No human or animal safety data were found in the published literature.

US compounding: Not compoundable. Not an FDA-approved drug and not nominated for FDA's 503A bulks list, so US pharmacies can't legally compound it. Status for every peptide.

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Animal & lab studies

? Inconclusivein vitroBull Exp Biol Med · 2016

Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro.

Cells / labIn vitro immunofluorescent confocal microscopy

In aging human skin fibroblast cultures, AED and related short peptides increased proliferation markers, reduced MMP-9, and AED suppressed caspase-dependent apoptosis.

Studied
Aging skin fibroblast cultures
Compared with
Peptides KE, KED, AED, AEDG
Main outcome
Ki-67, CD98hc, caspase-3 and MMP-9 expression
Authors' conclusion
All peptides inhibited age-increased MMP-9 and enhanced Ki-67 and CD98hc; AED and AEDG also suppressed caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Limitations
In vitro fibroblast culture study.
PubMed 27259496DOI
? Inconclusivein vitroAdv Gerontol · 2014

[Tripeptides slow down aging process in renal cell culture].

Cells / labIn vitro study of tripeptides AED and EDL, with DNA-binding models

In young and aged kidney cell cultures, AED and EDL increased proliferation and lowered aging markers (p16, p21, p53) while raising SIRT-6; DNA-binding mechanism proposed from computer modeling.

Studied
Ageing renal cell culture
Compared with
Young vs aged cultures
Main outcome
Proliferation and aging markers p16, p21, p53, SIRT-6
Authors' conclusion
Peptides AED and EDL increased proliferation, decreased aging markers and increased SIRT-6; the authors propose DNA interaction as the cause of changed gene expression.
Limitations
In vitro; DNA interactions are computed models.
PubMed 25946838
? Inconclusivein vitroBull Exp Biol Med · 2015

Peptide Regulation of Cells Renewal Processes in Kidney Tissue Cultures from Young and Old Animals.

AnimalsTissue culture with calf kidney polypeptide complex and short peptides T-31 (AED), T-35 (EDL)

In rat kidney tissue cultures, T-31 (AED) stimulated proliferation and reduced apoptosis, but less than a calf-kidney polypeptide extract.

Studied
Organotypic kidney tissue cultures from young and old rats
Compared with
Polypeptide complex vs short peptides
Main outcome
Ki-67 and p53 expression
Authors' conclusion
The polypeptide complex enhanced Ki-67 and reduced p53; short peptides AED and EDL stimulated proliferation and reduced apoptosis, but less than the complex.
Limitations
Ex vivo tissue culture study.
PubMed 26033601DOI
? Inconclusivein vitroMol Biol Rep · 2020

Gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cell aging cultures: modulation by short peptides.

Cells / labIn vitro gene expression study

In human mesenchymal stem cell aging cultures, AED, KED and KE at nanomolar concentrations altered expression of aging-related genes such as IGF1 and NF-kB.

Key resultIGF1 expression enhanced 3.5-5.6 fold by the peptides; KED inhibited FOXO1 by 1.6-2.3 fold
Studied
Human embryo bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (FetMSCs), aged by passages or stationary culture
Compared with
Peptides AED, KED, KE
Main outcome
Expression of IGF1, FOXO1, TERT, TNKS2, NFκB genes
Authors' conclusion
At nanomolar concentrations the peptides modulate expression of some genes involved in cell aging.
Limitations
In vitro; gene expression only.
PubMed 32399807DOI
? Inconclusivein vitroInt J Immunopathol Pharmacol · 2019

Effect of short peptides on neuronal differentiation of stem cells.

Cells / labIn vitro immunofluorescence and western blot

In human periodontal ligament stem cells, a mix of short peptides including AED promoted neuronal-differentiation markers; AED alone was not reported to have this effect.

Studied
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs)
Compared with
AED, KED, KE, AEDG individually and as a compound
Main outcome
GAP43 and Nestin expression
Authors' conclusion
The peptide compound and KED increased GAP43 and Nestin, suggesting the peptides could promote neuronal differentiation of hPDLSCs.
Limitations
In vitro stem cell study.
PubMed 30791821DOIFree full text
✗ Negativein vitroBull Exp Biol Med · 2011

Peptidergic regulation of thymocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis during aging of the thymus.

Cells / labIn vitro peptide comparison

In aged thymocyte cultures, only peptide AB-9 showed geroprotective effects; T-31 (AED) did not.

Studied
Old (passage 8) thymocyte culture
Compared with
T-31, AB-17 and AB-9 peptides
Main outcome
Thymocyte differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis
Authors' conclusion
Only AB-9 showed a complex geroprotective effect, stimulating proliferation and differentiation and inhibiting apoptosis; the other peptides did not.
Limitations
In vitro culture study.
PubMed 22238759DOI
✓ Positivein vitroAdv Gerontol · 2023

[The influence of peptides on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells during replicative aging.]

Cells / labIn vitro cell culture

In human mesenchymal stem cells grown to replicative aging, the AED peptide (200 ng/ml) raised expression and synthesis of cartilage-forming markers (SOX9, aggrecan, type II collagen, COMP), similar to a cartilage polypeptide complex.

Studied
Human mesenchymal stem cells during replicative aging
Compared with
Cartilage polypeptide complex (CPC)
Main outcome
Gene expression and protein synthesis of chondrogenic differentiation markers
Authors' conclusion
AED peptide stimulated regulation of chondrogenesis in aging stem cells, opening prospects for testing in osteoarthritis models.
Limitations
Cell culture only; no animal or human data.
PubMed 37782646
✓ Positivein vitroAdv Gerontol · 2023

[Peptides prevent the forming of secretory phenotype of chondrocytes associated with the aging.]

Cells / labIn vitro cell culture

In aged chondrocyte cultures, the AED peptide (like a cartilage polypeptide complex) normalised the senescence-associated secretory markers p16, p21, p53, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha and Sirt1.

Studied
Aging chondrocyte cultures
Compared with
Cartilage polypeptide complex (CPC)
Main outcome
Synthesis of senescence-associated secretory phenotype molecules
Authors' conclusion
AED and CPC normalised the molecules that form the chondrocyte secretory phenotype, which may explain a geroprotective effect.
Limitations
Cell culture only; same research group as earlier AED work.
PubMed 37356100

Verdicts are judged on each paper's own main outcome; grades run from A (strong human evidence) to D (little or none). Details are read from the abstracts, and figures are reproduced only from openly licensed full texts. Not medical advice.