Ovarian stimulation (OS) is a key component of IVF, aimed at increasing oocyte yield and improving embryo development potential. While early protocols relied solely on FSH, newer approaches incorporate hMG and LH-based stimulation, allowing more individualized treatments for specific patient populations. Evidence suggests that hMG and recombinant FSH (rFSH) have comparable effectiveness in stimulation outcomes, and current guidelines support the use of both. However, the impact of different gonadotropins on embryo quality remains unclear, with mixed findings across protocols. Given the increas…

The objective of this study is to conduct post-marketing clinical follow-up of four products: HMG, PHN, PHR, and TUR. This follow-up will consist of collecting clinical data in real-life conditions to confirm the tolerance, safety, and efficacy of medical devices used in the treatment of sore throats related to acute pharyngitis and/or viral-origin tonsillitis, while also assessing the benefit/risk ratio of the products.

Objectives: The primary objective is to assess the safety and tolerability of medical drugs with the potential to enhance performance (PES) in professional athletes over a 5.5 year period, encompassing a 25-week PES Exposure period and 5 year long term follow-up of period comprehensive health and safety monitoring. The secondary objective is to evaluate the impact of PES on athletic performance through validated sport specific and clinical assessments. Methods: This prospective hybrid design study will enrol 60 adult participants, divided into two groups. The first group will receive perfor…

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of follitropin alfa/lutropin alfa in Japanese participants with Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) deficiency undergoing Assisted reproductive technology (ART). The study duration is approximately 5.5 months for nonpregnant participants and 13 months for participants with confirmed pregnancy in Part A.

The goal of this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial is toto evaluate the efficacy and safety of a human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in the development of multiple follicles, pregnancy, and cumulative live birth as part of an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) cycle in in women with a diagnosis of infertility.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a personalized ovarian stimulation regimen in women aged 18 to 40 undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The main question it aims to answer is: \- Does personalizing the starting doses of follitropin delta (REKOVELLE) and HP-hMG (MENOPUR) based on both age and body lead to similar results as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and weight based dosing ? Researchers will compare the new dosing regimen to the MARCS study results to see if this new approach leads to similar outcomes Participants will: * Receive ovarian …

The hereditary type IV collagen disease Alport syndrome leads to kidney failure early in life. Currently there are no specific medications approved for treatment, however, several therapies have been evaluated preclinically and could improve outcome. For that reason, this non-interventional, observational study investigates, if medications (1) delay disease progression; (2) delay time to kidney failure; (3) improve life-expectancy compared to untreated patients (relatives). This observational study started in 2006 as an European registry. Since 2019, this registry has been expanded to "Alport …

The purpose of the non-inferiority study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the safety of two different subcutaneous hMG preparations when administered to patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF.

Background: \- Atherosclerosis (thickening of the artery walls caused by cholesterol and other deposits) commonly occurs in the heart vessels and carotid (neck) arteries of adults. This is often present in individuals with high cholesterol levels in their blood. These patients are usually treated with cholesterol lowering medication ( statins ) along with modification of diet and exercise. Researchers are interested in investigating new approaches including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging studies to detect blood vessel blockages that would not otherwise b…

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate that 76 weeks of treatment with rosuvastatin calcium 2.5-20 mg results in no progression of coronary artery atherosclerotic volume as measured by intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) imaging in hypercholesterolaemic subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is an important step during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Its aim optimally is to recruit 10-15 oocytes. When deciding on the actual treatment, different stimulation protocols, various stimulating agents and wide range of gonadotropin dose can one choose from. Prior to the decision on the actual stimulation protocol and gonadotropin (Gn) dose the patient's expected response to stimulation is assessed primarily using ovarian reserve markers. Most medications used during stimulation exert their effect in a dose-dependent manner hence with a higher Gn dos…

Serum concentrations of the different hormones involved in follicular steroid genesis during a cycle of controlled ovarian stimulation with recombinant FSH or HMG will be compared in this study. Serum Progesterone (P) levels at the end of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (i.e. the day of triggering) have been related to cycle outcome, in terms of ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates. Large cohort studies show that P levels above a certain threshold are associated with poorer cycle outcome. The mechanisms behind P elevation are not well understood yet. It has been shown that P levels are positi…

To explore whether Free androgen index（FAI）can be regarded as biochemically diagnostic indexes of high androgen hormone in blood of patients with Polycentric ovary syndrome（PCOS）. Also to explore whether Sex hormone-binding globulin（SHBG） and FAI can be seen as therapeutic effect indicatrixes of women with PCOS.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the outcome of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) according to the type of medication used for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The study compared the pregnancy rate obtained by 398 patients who had received COS with recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone (rFSH) plus recombinant Luteinising Hormone (rLH) in 2:1 ratio vs. the one observed in 450 patients who had been treated with human Menopausal Gonadotropin (hMG), stratifying results according to the number of retrieved oocytes.

The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that addition of daily small dose of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) drug following oocytes retrieval could improve the fertility outcome in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization

Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potentially serious complication of ovarian stimulation in IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation). The main objective of this study is to describe the incidence of moderate or severe forms of OHSS in women between 18 and 36 years of age treated with HP-hMG.

What is the best medication for hormonal stimulation in cycles with high intra-uterine insemination: tablets of Clomifen (5 days) followed by tablets of Ethinyl Estradiol (5 days) or daily injections with Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (Menopur)?

This goal of this study is to evaluate the outcomes from in vitro fertilization cycles where a 450 IU daily dose of gonadotropins is administered compared to those where a 600 IU daily dose is administered for women who are at risk of a poor ovarian response in order to determine if one dose or the other results in improved cycle outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the additional effect of probucol or concomitant administration of cilostazol and probucol on mean carotid artery intima-media thickness (mean IMT) at year 1, 2, and 3.

Objective: To study whether an administration of corifollitropin alpha modifies the follicular cohort, measured by Follicular Output Rate (FORT), compared to human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), in infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). M/M: 306 infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Ovarian stimulation protocol will be performed with a single dose of 100 μg (\<60kg) or 150 μg (≥60kg) corifollitropin alpha in group 1 (n=147), and 150-300 IU/day human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) according to age, antimullerian hormone (AMH) level and antral follicle …

The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of 5 mixed protocols of ovarian hyperstimulation with urinary gonadotrophins to achieve clinical pregnancy in females undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (IVF/ICSI) (in-vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection). Study hypothesis: mixed protocols with urinary FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and urinary hMG (human menopausal gonadotropin)should be more effective than monotherapy.

Assessing the impact of the nursing technique applied at the insertion site of the central venous catheter using hydrophilic methacrylate gel (HMG) and 2% Chlorhexidine (CHG) upon the incidence of inflammatory complications when treating the surrounding of the central venous catheter.

The aim of this study is to assess the role of AMH in prediction of poor ovarian response as well as the relation between ESR2 (+1730G\>A) (rs4986938), FSHR p.Thr307Ala (c.919A\>G, rs6165) and FSHR p.Asn680Ser (c.2039A\>G, rs6166) SNPs and the poor response in Egyptian women undergoing IVF procedure. Discovering the genetic variants associated with ovarian response is an important step towards individualized pharmacogenetic protocols of ovarian stimulation.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of Menopur to achieve clinical pregnancy in females undergoing intrauterine insemination in clinical practice.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of using mild ovarian stimulation protocol and conventional stimulation protocol in IVF outcome. Design: Prospective randomized trial Setting: University IVF setting. Patient(s): The study compromised a total 200 subinfertile couple that women had regulary menstruation. Intervention(s): Patients were randomized to treatment clomiphene citrate, gonadotropin and GnRH antagonist (100 patients) or GnRH agonist and gonadotropin ( 100 patients). Main outcome measure: Clinical pregnancy rate. Key Words: clomiphene citrate, GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, in vitr…

rFSH and HMG are both used to controlled ovarian stimulation for patients submitted to IVF. However, there is a debate in the literature which one is better to induce ovulation in patients receiving GnRH antagonist to block premature Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secretion. The investigators propose a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) to investigate the differences among recombinant FSH and HMG in patients submitted to IVF using GnRH antagonists.

To demonstrate the comparative safety and efficacy of Cetrotide® 3 milligram (mg) and Antagon™ in the inhibition of a premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotropin (r-hFSH/hMG) prior to assisted reproductive technology (ART) and utilizing oral contraceptives pill (OCP) for cycle programming.

Objective: To evaluate potential benefits of adding the active form of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) to Clomiphene Citrate compared with Human Menopausal Gonadotropins (hMG) in Clomiphene Citrate resistant PCOS patients. Methods: 148 PCOS Patients with Clomiphene Citrate resistance were randomized into two groups (A and B). In group A, controlled ovarian stimulation was done by Clomiphene Citrate 150 mg daily (from 2nd till 6th day of cycle) together with Ubiquinol starting from 2nd day till day of hCG triggering in a dose of 100 mg orally once daily. In group B, hMG was given from 2nd day of the …

The primary objective of this prospective, observational, multivariate study will be to compare the reliability of automated AMH (measured with Access AMH assay, Beckman-Coulter Diagnostics, USA) with that of antral follicle count (AFC) evaluated ultrasonographically always by the same operator and with the same ultrasound scanner, in terms of the number of oocytes recovered from oocyte sampling in couples subjected to in vitro fertilization.

This study proposes to evaluate the effect of adding HP-hMG (Menopur) to follitropin delta in a "mixed protocol" regimen, using an individualized, fixed dose of follitropin delta based on the established algorithm, combined with a variable, adjustable dose of Menopur based on body weight and ovarian reserve.

Purpose of the study is the evaluation of the tolerability (both local and systemic) and the clinical efficacy (in terms oocytes recovered) of subcutaneously versus intramuscularly administered Merional® (IBSA, Lugano - CH) in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in an ART programme (IVF).

In combination with the existing literature, previous work indicates that 1) women with poor ovarian response fulfilling the "Bologna criteria" have very low pregnancy rates, irrespective of age 2) current treatment protocols demonstrate ongoing pregnancy rates that do not exceed 8.5% and 3) corifollitropin alfa followed by hpHMG might increase ongoing pregnancy rates in young patients (\<40years old) fulfilling the criteria. These findings provide a strong rationale for a definitive large RCT. The COMPORT study will provide conclusive evidence regarding the superiority or not of this novel pr…

Multicenter, prospective, randomized, investigator blind, controlled clinical trial. Two parallel groups, one receiving the test drug hMG (hMG-IBSA, IBSA Institut Biochimique sa) and the other the reference drug hMG (Menopur, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc.).

Since preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is being more frequently requested from patients as women pursue infertility treatments at an advanced age with a poorer prognosis, sometimes physicians are compelled to perform several stimulation cycles to obtain more eggs and, consequently, a greater number of biopsied embryos. Hence, the idea of carrying out this study arises as an attempt to optimize each menstrual cycle to the maximum. It is believed that the double stimulation (DuoStim) protocol could be an alternative for this group of patients, allowing to obtain a larger number of oocytes …

To assess the effectiveness of protocols of ovarian hyperstimulation combining urinary gonadotrophins + GnRH antagonist vs urinary gonadotrophins, to achieve clinical pregnancy in females undergoing intrauterine insemination. Study hypothesis: protocols combining urinary gonadotrophins + GnRH antagonist should be more effective than monotherapy.

The aim of our study is to define the optimal ovarian stimulation protocol concerning PGD and for this reason we plan a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol versus GnRH antagonist protocol. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation in both arms will be highly purified FSH (Menopur®).

Failure to respond to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is still a major concern in assisted reproduction and there is no consensus on the ovarian stimulation choice regime for poor responders. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of a microdose GnRH agonist flare (MF) and a GnRH antagonist/letrozole (A/L) protocols in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: One hundred eighty poor responder patients will be randomized to an ovarian stimulation protocol with either a MF or a letrozole and high dose FSH/hMG and flexible GnRH antagonist protocol.

A key challenge facing reproductive biologists is the integration of the knowledge about oocyte-secreted factors into coherent physiological mechanisms of how oocytes govern folliculogenesis, cumulus cell function, and oocyte and embryo development. Although key oocyte-secreted factors have been identified, understanding their modes of action is complicated by multiple interactions between maternal and oocyte signaling molecules, as well as the constantly changing state of physical interactions between the oocyte and its companion somatic cells during folliculogenesis. Thus, the investigators …

There are different controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols utilized in infertility patients. In this study, our aim is to specifically compare three protocols in poor responding infertility patients.

To assess the effect of transabdominal ultrasound guided embryo transfer on the pregnancy rates versus clinical touch technique

The accurate identification and efficient management of poor responders remains one of the most enigmatic challenges in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The investigators study will compare the letrozole/antagonist protocol to the hMG/antagonist protocol in women who poor responders.

There have been some controversies regarding the use of preparations with LH activity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who have high endogenous LH activity. In this research we aimed to compare urinary menotrophin versus recombinant FSH (rFSH) with respect to the prevention of OHSS

To assess the effectiveness of a protocol of ovarian hyperstimulation with urinary gonadotrophins, to achieve clinical pregnancy in females undergoing IVF. Study hypothesis: to assess the effectiveness of a protocol of urinary gonadotrophins

The purpose of the present study is to examine the level of ovarian response and the pregnancy rates among poor ovarian responders treated with a novel treatment protocol with 150μg corifollitropin alfa followed by 300IU hMG in a long GnRH agonist protocol.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the level of ovarian response and the pregnancy rates among poor ovarian responders treated with a novel treatment protocol with 150μg corifollitropin alfa followed by 300IU hMG in a short GnRH agonist protocol.

To assess the effectiveness of a protocol of ovarian hyperstimulation combining urinary gonadotrophins + recombinant gonadotrophins, to achieve clinical pregnancy in females undergoing IVF. Study hypothesis: to assess the effectiveness of protocols combining urinary gonadotrophins + recombinant gonadotrophins

Selection of developmentally competent oocytes enhances IVF efficiency. Usually, oocyte quality is determined based on its nuclear maturation and the presence of specific cytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic morphologic features. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH Agonists) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists (GnRH Antagonists) are used during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols in order to prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and premature ovulation. However, GnRH receptors are also expressed in extra-pituitary tissues such as ovary, but it is still un…

Selection of developmentally competent oocytes enhances IVF efficiency. Usually, oocyte quality is determined based on its nuclear maturation and the presence of specific cytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic morphologic features. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH Agonists) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists (GnRH Antagonists) are used during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols in order to prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and premature ovulation. However, GnRH receptors are also expressed in extra-pituitary tissues such as ovary, but it is still un…

The aim of this prospective, non-randomised, open-label, clinical trial is to compare the effects of two pituitary suppression regimens; GnRH Agonist-Long Protocol and GnRH Antagonist-Flexible Protocol on clinical and embryological IVF/ICSI outcomes, and on the follicular fluid levels of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF); which is known for his pivotal role in the regulation of ovulation, embryo development, and implantation.

This prospective, non-randomised, open-label, clinical trial is conducting on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subjects to compare the effects of two pituitary suppression regimens; GnRH Agonist-Long Protocol and GnRH Antagonist-Flexible Protocol on clinical and embryological IVF/ICSI outcomes, and on the follicular fluid levels of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF); which is known for his pivotal role in the regulation of ovulation, embryo development, and implantation

study the effect of aromataze inhibitor induction together with short stimulation protocol by gonadotrphin releasing hormon antagonist in cases that expected to be poor responder before ICSI

Endothelial microparticles (EMP) have a promising role as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in the assessment of endothelial function. This study compares the levels of EMP in hypercholesterolaemia patients before and after treatment with statins and correlates it with the current method of assessing endothelial function using pulse wave analysis. The current available methods to assess endothelial function are tedious and not suitable to be applied clinically. Detecting EMP levels are simpler as it only involves routine blood taking which is better tolerated by patients. Outcome from this st…

The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety of r-hFSH+r-hLH in a 2:1 ratio with human Menopausal Gonadotropin Highly Purified (hMG-HP), in WHO type I anovulation, HH women. This open-label monocentric, randomized comparative trial, to receive the two different standard clinical practice treatments: * 1 vial of Pergoveris: (vial/powder 150 International unit (IU) r-hFSH+ 75IU r-hLH) * 2 vials of Menopur: (vials/powder hMG 75IU). Follicular development were monitored until the protocol hCG requirement is met and a single injection of hCG was administered. Main Outcome Measures…

Disprove the null hypothesis as follows: Among the investigator's egg bank donors undergoing ovulation induction with recombinant FSH medication per treatment protocol outlined below, use of adjunctive LH activity medication Menopur ™ , will result in the same number of mature oocytes recovered and cryopreserved as from egg donors not treated with Menopur™. Objectives: Compare efficacy of recombinant FSH (Follistim ™) with and without adjunct LH activity medication Menopur ™ for our volunteer egg bank donors. Efficacy defined as: 1. #Days of ovarian stimulation to GnRH agonist trigger. 2.…

Effects of gonadotrophin replacement therapy Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Parameters of Patients with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

The purpose of the present study is to assess the influence of the administration of low dose hCG on the endometrium. The study is a randomised trial where 2 groups of patients, undergoing a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol for in vitro fertilization, are studied. In addition to the histological findings, by analysing the correlation of the morphological pattern and gene expression profile of human endometrium on the day of oocyte retrieval in patients of both treatment groups, the investigators want to study the implantation potential.

We wanted to test the shortterm effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition (atorvastatin) on renal hemodynamics, renal tubular function and vasoactive hormones on healthy subjects.

We wanted to test the acute effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition (atorvastatin) on renal hemodynamics, renal tubular function and vasoactive hormones on healthy subjects.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of low dose human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in combination with clomiphen citrate to induce ovulation and its endocrine response in patients who had previously failed to ovulate on clomiphen citrate alone. The investigators will also compare the effectiveness and endocrine response of this approach with the regimen of adding HMG to clomiphen citrate.

Exploratory study assessing the effect of three gonadotrophin protocols on Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS) parameters and IVF outcome in oocyte donors undergoing GnRH analogue (long protocol). 1,028 donors were randomized in three groups: Group I (n= 346) only r-FSH, Group II (n= 333) only HP-hMG and Group III (n= 349) r-FSH plus HP-hMG. IVF outcome of 1,059 oocyte recipients was compared.

A randomized controlled trial comparing the ongoing pregnancy rate (primary end-point) in 280 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI after stimulation with hp-hMG or rFSH controlled with a GnRH antagonist. Non significant differences were observed between hp-hMG and rFSH in terms of the ongoing pregnancy rate per started cycle (35.0% vs. 32.1%; p=0.61); R.R: 1.09 (95% CI: 0.78-1.51; Risk Difference: 2.9%). No differences were observed for implantation, clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss rates. Patients receiving rFSH obtained more oocytes (14.4 ± 8.1 vs. 11.3 ± 6.0; p=0.001). Estradiol was higher at …

During assisted reproduction technology treatments like in vitro fertilization, some patients give a poor ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology consensus defined poor response to ovarian stimulation during in vitro fertilization with Bologna criteria. Bologna criteria: At least two of the following three features must be present: (i) Advanced maternal age (≥40 years). (ii) Previous Poor responders (≤3 oocytes with a conventional stimulation protocol). (iii) An abnormal ovarian reserve test Most controlled ovarian h…

Polycystic ovary occurs in 15-20% of the population will be submitted to TRA. Whether it is associated with other signs or symptoms (polycystic ovarian syndrome) as if presented in isolation, its therapeutic management has special connotations sometimes favoring the low response although the standard is the tendency to hyperresponsiveness. Although there are studies comparing the combination of FSH and LH and FSH in controlled hyperstimulation of these patients, there are no previous prospective randomized studies comparing administration of urinary FSH (hFSH-HP) with a combination of FSH and…

The primary purpose of the investigation is to identify differences in embryo development after follicle stimulation with two different gonadotrophins.

Infertility is of increasing significance affecting almost 48.5 million couples around the world. Anovulation is a major cause of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) accounting for about 80% of women with anovulatory infertility. Ultrasound morphological features of PCOS include the presence of 16 or more follicles measuring 2-9 mm in diameter, and/or an overall large ovarian volume of \>10mm3. Women with PCOS ultrasound features exhibit an exaggerated response to controlled ovarian stimulation. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is an established prerequisite to assis…

The purpose of this trial is to compare the efficacy and safety of the PPOS protocol to the GnRH antagonist protocol in patients with PCOS who are undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles.

despite the large number of papers published on COH protocols comparing the efficiency of different exogenous gonadotropins, no confirmed protocol exists, and it is not quite clear which is superior to the others.

Investigate and compare the efficacy of H FSH plus HMG Vs HMG alone on oocyte and embryo quality in IcsI patients

The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of sequential administration of FSH and HP-hMG FSH alone versus concomitant administration of FSH and HP-hMG during controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles.

Unfortunately for some infertile women, gonadotrophin administration results in a desultory ovarian response. While this is commonly due to diminished ovarian reserve, as indicated by advanced age and/or elevated basal day 3 FSH concentrations, a subset of these patients are \<41 years old and have normal FSH concentrations. To overcome this problem several strategies have been reported, with limited success. With approval of the Board, 100 women with a history of previous poor response to vigorous gonadotrophin stimulation. All with AFC ≤3, AMH;≤0.5 and they give only ≤3 oocytes in their pr…

This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of long term use of hCG alone or hCG plus hMG in the treatment of male patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). One third of the participants will receive hCG treatment alone and the other third of the participants will receive hCG treatment alone for six months, then the hMG will be added. And the last third of the participants will receive hCG and hMG treatment since the beginning of the treatment.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) "long protocol" is a protocol for pituitary down-regulation in IVF. However, it is common in clinic that some patients are hypersensitive to pituitary down-regulation and have pituitary oversuppression, resulting in prolonged ovarian stimulation and increased consumption of exogenous gonadotropin(Gn). On the other hand, some patients may have insufficient pituitary down-regulation, which can affect the synchronization of ovarian follicles and consequently reduce the number of oocytes retrievable and lower the pregnancy rate. The differences in r…

In this study the investigators will try to discover whether there is a difference for any of the stimulation preparations - recombinant FSH + recombinant LH (pergoveris \& luveris) vs. human menopausal gonadotropin (menopur) during GnRH-antagonist cycles in the meaning of androgenic hormones profile. The study question is whether using recombinant LH will result in different follicular hormonal milieu, serum endocrine profile or IVF outcomes than using highly purified urinary gonadotropins with hCG mimicking LH activity.

The management of the poor responder patients is very difficult. Currently, there is no any standard treatment for poor responder patients. The study is designed to test a modified GnRHa protocol for poor ovarian response, low dose GnRHa early luteal phase down regulation, compare with GnRHa ultra-short protocol. This is a randomized controlled trial.

Patients will be subjected to: A. Clinical evaluation including history and examination B. Ultrasonographic evaluation of Ovarian Morphometry: * Patients will be evaluated in early follicular phase of the menstrual flow (cycle's days 1-3) by TVS scanning; using MINDRAY DP-1100 Plus Digital Machine, 7.5MHz, China, by only one examiner to avoid inter-observer variations. * Ovarian images will be procured in the sagittal and coronal planes and the frozen image reflecting the largest ovarian dimensions will be utilized for the measurement of ovarian length, width, and height (cm) as per standar…

Observe the therapeutic efficacy of human menopausal gonadotropin combining with human chorionic gonadotropin in adolescent boys with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

The purpose of this study is to study the effects of letrozole and sequential clomiphene in ovulation and pregnancy in PCOS patients.

The study is performed to compare the outcomes of two stimulation protocols, the minidose long protocol versus the microdose flare protocol in poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI.

Preliminary reports showed that hormonal treatment may improve the chance of retrieving viable testicular sperm from men with NOA. It was generally believed that gonadotrophin treatment would be ineffective in the presence of high plasma levels of endogenous gonadotrophin.The purpose of this study is to determine whether GnRHa(gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist) combined with hCG(human chorionic gonadotropin) and hMG(human menopausal gonadotropin) are effective in the treatment of non-obstructive azoospermia.

The purpose of this study is to determine if corifollitropin alfa (long-term gonadotropin administration) is effective in a controlled ovarian stimulation protocol in oocyte donors compared to daily gonadotropin administration (recombinant FSH or HP-hMG)

The purpose of this study is to determine whether fish oil supplementation is effective in the treatment of abnormal fat metabolism in subjects with elevated cholesterolaemia.